TENSES

T E N S E S

       A.      PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang merupakan :

-          Habitual action ( kebiasaan )

-          General truth ( kebenaran umum )

Rumus : S + V1

              Adverb of time : everyday, once, twice, three times, etc

Adverb of frequency : always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, never, etc

E.g. :

·         Istia asri parinda goes to campus everyday.

·         She always wear a green cloth at campus three times a week.

·         The sun rises (general truth).

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada masa sekarang.

Rumus : S + is/am/are + VING

                Adverb of time : now, right now, at this time, at this moment

                E.g.:

·         Istia is dancing salsa right now.

·         The boys is renovating they room at this time.

PRESENT PERFECT

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah selesai pada masa sekarang (hasil masih terlihat/ terasa).

Rumus : S + have/has + V3

Biasanya diikuti oleh : yet, already, just

E.g.:

·         I have already swept the floor

·         He has just moved to another country

 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah berlangsung beberapa lama dan terus berlangsung sampai sekarang.

Rumus : S + have/has + been + V3

Adverb of time : for three months, since yesterday, all these years, etc

E.g.:

·         It has been raining since last week.

·         The gangga’s boy and Parinda have been playing uno for an hour.

       B.       PAST TENSE

SIMPLE PAST

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang terjadi pada masa lampau.

Rumus : S + V2

Adverb of time : yesterday, last night, twenty hours ago, just now

E.g.:

·         They went to Medan last week

·          I visited my father yesterday

PAST CONTINUOS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu tertentu pada maa lampau.

Rumus : S + was/were + VING

              Adverb of time : at 10 last night, at this time yesterday, when + S + V₂ , While + S + was/were + V_ING , etc

E.g.:

·         She was watching a movie at 11 last night

·         She was waiting him when he came

·         They were studying English while he was eating

PAST PERFECT

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian telah selesai ketika kejadian lain terjadi.

Rumus : S + had + V3

Biasa diikuti oleh : already, just

Pemakaian :

·         S + had + V₃ before S + V₂

·         After S + had + V₃ , S + V₂

·         S + had + V₃ when S + V₂ (atau) S + V₂ when S + had + V₃

E.g.:

·         Fika had already swept the floor before her mother came home.

·         After Adit had had dinner, he went to bed.

PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang sudah berlangsung beberapa lama tetapi masih terus berlangsung ketika kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.

Rumus : S + had + been + VING

 

Pemakaiannya :

·         Before + S + V₂ , S + had + been + V_ING  for…

·         When + S + V₂ , S + had + been + V_ING  for…

·         After + S + had + been + V_ING, S + V₂  for…

Catatan : Harus diikuti oleh for

              E.g.:

·         My little brother had been playing football for half an hour when I came by.

      C.       FUTURE TENSE

SIMPLE FUTURE

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan dilakukan pada masa yang akan datang.

Rumus : S + will/shall + V1

  Adverb of time : tonight, tomorrow, soon, next week, etc

  E.g.:

·         Istia will go abroad next week.

·         My grandpa will recover from his illness soon.

PRESENT FUTURE CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.

Rumus : S + will/shall + be + V1

  

Adverb of time : at 9 tonight, at this time, next week, etc

E.g.:

·         She will be swimming in the lake at 3 tomorrow.

·         He will be teaching at this time next month.

 PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT

Menyatakan kegiatan yang akan sudah selesai terjadi dimasa akan datang.

Rumus : S + will/shall + have + V3

Adverb of time :

-          By next week, by next July

-          By  the end of this year

-          By the time + S + V₁ / V_s/es + O/C

E.g.:  They will have sent the letter, by the time you remind them.

PRESENT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian yang telah akan berlangsung beberapa lama dan terus berlangsung sampai masa yang akan datang.

Rumus : S + will/shall + have + been + V3

Adverb of time : by tomorrow, by the end of this month, by the time, etc

Catatan : harus diikuti oleh for

E.g.:  -By next week, he will have been living here for five years.

  -Aditya will have been teaching English for four months by the end of this week.

 Contoh Soal :

   1.       All of my life...in the library.

a.        Is spent                                          c. Spending

b.       Are spending                                 d. Has spending

   2.       I sterted school when i was five years old. I ... a student for seventeen years now.

a.        Am                                                  c. Have been

b.       Am being                                        d. Am to be

   3.       Istia...Indonesia before he came to Jakarta to study in the international student program.

a.        Has never visited                         c. Would never visited

b.       Never visited                               d. Had never visited

   4.       I have(A) spent(B) three weeks(C) in Germany last  July.

   5.       Tony is going to return to Medan as soon as he...his university diploma’s degree.

a.        Gets                               c. Would get

b.       Will get                          d. Got

   6.       When ... the conference?

a.        The Director attended                                c. The Director will attend

b.       Did the Director attend                              d. The Director’s attendance

   7.       How many cards...in the box.

a.        There are a there have                               c. Are there

b.       There have                                                 d. Have there

   8.       At this moment, the government...the military operation in Aceh.

a.        Legalizes        b. Has legalizes     c. Is legalizes             d. Has been legalizes