If clauses digunakan
untuk menyatakan sebuah kondisi atas kejadian atau keberadaan sesuatu.
Contoh : If you mix
sugar with water, it will dissolve
Here, the sugar will
dissolve on the condition that you mix it with water.
Ada tiga tipe if
clauses:
Type 1. mengenai kejadian nyata
Dalam tipe 1, if
clause dalam present tense, sedangkan main clause biasanya dalam bentuk
present, future, atau imperative.
Contoh:
·
If
you go to the drug store, buy me a soft drink. (present ; imperative)
·
If
Mary calls, I’ll invite her to the concert. (present ; future)
·
If
Mary should call, I’ll invite her to the concert. (modal
; future)
Type 2
Type 2 is concerned
with hypothetical or unreal situations
in the present. (berkaitan dengan khayalan atau situasi yang tidak nyata saat
ini.)
-
If
I had the money, I would buy a motorcycle.
This is called a
hypothetical if clause because I don’t
have the money but I am imagining what I would do if I did.
Type 3
Type 3 is concerned
with hypothetical discussion about the past.
-
If
I had known you were sick, I would have made you some soup. (past perfect-modal
past)
Here the implication
is that I didn’t know you were sick (and that you may no longer be sick).
-
If
you had been here yesterday, you could have seen Pam. (past perfect-modal past)
It is clear in the
example that you were not here yesterday.
Kata if sangat membantu untuk mengenali if clause, namun,
tidak selalu digunakan.
Type 1: should
·
If
you should get a letter from Greece, give me a call.
·
Should
you get a letter from Greece, give me a call.
Type 2: were
·
If
you were taller, you could reach the light.
·
Were
you taller, you could reach the light.
Type 3
·
If
I had agreed, Jim would have married me.
·
Had
I agreed, Jim would have married me.
Unless, which has a
meaning similar to if not, can also be used in conditional clauses.
·
If
it doesn’t rain, we’ll go to the lake.
·
Unless
it rains, we’ll go to the lake.
Soal Latihan
Lengkapilah Kalimat dibawah ini dengan
1. Get me a glass of
lemonade, if you … to the kitchen.
a. go
b. will go
c. went
d. going
2. If I … you, I’d save some of your
lottery winnings.
a. was
b. will be
c. were
d. be
3. If the chair …
break, Mr. Dow can fix it for us.
a. might
b. should
c. will
d. may
4. This sailboat … go
faster if there were more wind.
a. would
b. will
c. might
d. can
5. … a tornado come, go to the basement
immediately.
a. should
b. if
c. will
d.were
6. If Allen had come
sooner, he could … eaten dinner with us.
a. had
b. has
c. have
d. will
7. I won’t lend you
this money … you promise to pay it back.
a.
if
b. unless
c. when
d. whether
8. If the car … been
larger, we would have bought it.
a. had
b. has
c. have
d. could be
9. … all agreed, Sara
would have been given the scholarship.
a. we had
b. had
c. had we
d. we
10. “Are you thinking about going to the Bahamas
for the holidays?”
“No, but if I … the
time, I would definitely go.”
a. have
b. had
c. have had
d. would have
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