DESCRIPTIVE TEXT


MATERI KELAS X Semester 2    
Inti dari text/genre berbentuk DESCRIPTIVE adalah menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan sesuatu yang spesifik/khusus, bisa benupa orang, benda, ataupun tempat, dengan menyebutkan.karakteristik/ciri-ciri yang melekat pada benda tersebut, bagaimana bentuknya, berapa ukuranya, terletak dimana, dsb. Tujuan teks berbentuk deskripsi yaitu menggambarkan objek sejelas mungkin sehingga pembaca seolah-olah bisa melihat sendiri atau menggambarkan subjek tersebut secara langsung. Perbedaan teks  jenis ini dengan teks berbentuk report terletak pada specific tidaknya si subjek. Kalau subjek atau benda tersebut berlaku untuk spesifik (diungkapkan ciri-cirinya), biasanya tergolong deskriptif, sedangakan kalau objeknya berlaku general/umum ( diungkapkan kegunaanya, kebiasaanya, dsb) biasanya tergolong report.

Istilah-isGlah penting yang perlu diketahui da/am Descriptive Genre:
Specific/individual participant: tokoh cerita bersifat spesifik atau khusus, yang mengacu pada satu buah subjek dan tidak berlaku pada semua/general.

Attributive and identifying process: keterangan tambahan dari subjek yang kita sebutkan, misainya penggunaan adjective clause, adjective phrase, ataupun penggunaan LINKING VERB.

Relational Process disebut juga dengan istilah "Linking verb" (Kata kerja penghubung} yang berguna untuk menghubungkan subject dengan pelengkap (sebagai subject complement), misalnya, to be (is, am, are, was, were) taste, look, seem, beccfr,s,smc!t, consist of, derive from, function as,etc.

Classifier in Nominal group: Penggunaan kata-kata bilangan ataupun jumlah. bilangan untuk pengklasifikasian subjek , misainya: one of..., many of...

B.     TEXT SUMMARY
Generally when we write, we want to describe our subject very clearly. When finished reading the description, the reader should be able to see the subject in his or her mind clearly as you see it in yours. Imagine, for example, that you want to describe your parents to a new friend. In your mind you have a very clear picture of your parents, including the soft lines around your father's eyes and the happy chuckle of your mother's laugh. Your friend however has no past images of your parents. He or she must rely on your words. Your goal, then, is to use enough carefully chosen, specific details in your description so that your friends could pick your parents out of a group of people.
                          When describing a subject, one can use two kinds of details: Objective details and subjective details. Objective details are those that describe (actual information about the subject based on the five senses (sight, touch, taste, smell, and hearing). There is no emotion or opinion in objective details; In contrast, subjective details are those that express the readers’ personal opinion on the subject. The details do not have to be based on factual information.

      Social function/Communicative Approach/ Purpose:
     to describe a particular person, place, or thing.
     Generic Structure/ Text organization:
1.      General classification: introduces the topic .       
2.      Description: provides details of the topic such as parts, quantities or qualities, characteristics

       Language Features:
1.      Focus on specific participants
2.      Use of attributive and identifying process (linking verbs, such as taste, smell, appear, look)
3.      Use of simple present tense
4.      Frequent use of classifier in nominal group    

Borobudur
Classificaation
 
Borobudur is a Hindu-Buddhist temple built in the 9th  century under the Sailendra dynasty of, Java. It is located near Magelang on the island of Java, Indonesia.
Description
 
Abandoned in the 11th century and partially excavated by archaeologists in the early 20th century, Borobudur’ temple is well-known all over the world. Influenced by the Gupta architecture of India, the temple is constructed on a hill 46 m (150 ft) high and consists of eight step-like stone terraces, one on top of the other. The first five terraces are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Buddhist sculpture in bas-relief; the upper three aid circular, each with a circle of bell shaped   stupas  (Buddhist shrines). The entire edifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4,8 km of passages and stairways. The design of Borobudur, a temple-mountain symbolizing the structure of the universe, influenced temples built at Angkor, Cambodia. Borobudur, rededicated as an Indonesian national monument in 1983, is a valuable treasure for Indonesian people.

Exercise  1.
Yogyakarta

Yogyakarta is one of the nicest places I have ever visited. II is a city in south of Java Island. It is a pupular holiday resort for people who like cultural and historical sites.
Yogyakarta is a small city but there are lots of different things to see there are many temples in the province, such as Prambanan, Kalasan, and Sambi Sari. There are also two palaces that we must not miss, Hamengkubuwono and Paku Alam palace. Yogyakarta is a tropical city. There are lots of palm trees and other tropical fruit trees. There are also beautiful beaches, such as Parangtritis, Krakal, Kukup, Glagah. It is not difficult to get around the city at the day because taxis and buses are easily found. Unfortunately, there is no bus in the evening. The only way to see the nightlife of the city is by taxi, but it is rare at night.

1.What is the social function of the text?
  1. To retell an event
  2. To persuade the readers to visit Yogyakarta
  3. To describe Yogyakarta   
  4. To share with others or the readers
  5. To deal with the experience of the writer when
 2. Which one is incorrect about Yogyakarta?
  1. 11 has two palaces, Hamengkubuwono and Paku Alam Palace
  2. It has cultural and historical sites
  3. Prambanan is one of the temples in Yogyakarta
  4. There are many taxis and buses at the day and at night
  5. It is located in south of Java island.
 3. The text above is classified into a/an...
a.       recount
b.      narrative
c.       report
d.      news item
e.       descriptive

4. The text is written in the form of...
a.       simple present tense
b.      pact simple tense
c.       present continuous tense
d.      past perfect tense
e.       present future tense

5.  The schematic structure of the text above is...
a.       general identification — description
b.      news worthy event— background— source
c.       orientation — events — reorientation
d.      goal— steps
e.       orientation   crisis   resolution

6.     The main idea of paragraph two is...
a.       Yogyakarta is one of the nicest places the writer has ever visited
b.      Yogyakarta is a small city but there are lots of different thing to see
c.       Hamengkubuwono and Paku Alam palace
d.      The only way to see the nightlife is by taxi
e.       Yogyakarta is a tropical city

Exercise  2.
Insects are small creatures. They have no bones, but have six legs. Insects live everywhere, in the house, in the garden, in the field and in many other places. Insects are not always bad as sometimes people think. Bad insects are for instance flies, cockroaches, and mosquitoes. Such insects are not only bad but sometimes also dangerous. Flies like to live on rubbish and other dirty places. They may cause disease such as typhus, cholera etc. a certain type of mosquito brings malaria.
            Some insects are very useful to people, for example; bees which produce honey. Bees like to fly one flower to other flowers. When a bee moves from one flower to other flower, this may cause the produce seeds.
            Bees are not usually dangerous, except you make them angry. If you disturb bees, they will be angry. And if they are angry, they will fly to attack you wherever you go. This is very dangerous.

7.       What is genre of the text above…?
  1. narrative
  2. procedure
  3. news item
  4. descriptive
  5. report
 8.      What insects are dangerous for our health…?
a.        Mosquitoes which make people angry.
b.       Certain type of bees and flies.
c.        Insect which live on dirty places.
d.       Insects which like to fly among the flowers.
e.        Insects which produce honey.

9.      What is the main idea of paragraph 3…?
a.        Bees will disturb people if they are angry.
b.       Bees always attack when people disturb them.
c.        Bees fly to attack people whenever they do.
d.       Bees are not usually dangerous.
e.        Bees can’t fly as high as other insects.

10.  What does the word ‘they’ (par.3) refer to…?
a.       Flowers
b.      Bees
c.       Seeds
d.      Mosquitoes
e.       Creatures

11.  Flies may cause disease because…?
a.       They disturb us
b.      They are bad insects
c.       They are dirty
d.      They live on rubbish
e.       They bring malaria

12.  They are dangerous insects, except…?
a.      Cockroach
b.      Bees
c.      Mosquito
d.     Flies
e.      Crocodile

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